Question Bank - Child Development and Pedagogy

Here's the question bank on all the child development and pedagogy topics.

Anita took Rashmis pen and in retaliation Rashmi ate Anitas lunch. Pooja was observing all this but did not report these incidents to the teacher as it involved equal exchanges. At which stage of Moral development is Pooja according to Lawrence Kohlberg?

A.
The good boy-good girl orientation
B.
The social-order maintaining orientation
C.
The Punishment and Obedience orientation
D.
The instrumental purpose orientation

Solution:

Lawrence Kohlberg, an American psychologist, has propounded the 'Theory of Moral Development'.He has made a systematic study of moral development in his theory that is categorized into 3 levels and 6 stages. He created moral development theory by posing moral dilemmas to groups of children as well as adolescents and adults.According to Kohlberg, a moral dilemma is the thinking process involved in judgments about questions of right & wrong. Level 1: Pre-conventional Morality: It consists of the first two levels of moral development. Here morality is judged based on the standards of adults and the consequence of an action.Stage I (The Punishment and Obedience orientation) ” An action is immoral if it is punished by the authority.Stage II (The instrumental purpose orientation/Individualism and Exchange) ” This stage is self-interest driven and children understood for the first time that different individuals may have different viewpoints. An action is considered morally correct if it is in the best interest of the individual. At the individualism and exchange stage of moral development, children account for individual points of view and judge actions based on how they serve individual needs. Level 2: Conventional Morality: This level consists of stages three and four. During this level, children start internalizing the value of society to judge morality.Stage III (The good boy-good girl orientation) ” The intention of the actor is more important in terms of judging moral values. If the intention is to gain the consensus of others or approval of the society then the actor will be judged morally right.Stage IV (The social-order maintaining orientation) ” Judgment of morality is based on ones duty, law, and social order. actively maintaining the current social system ensures positive human relationships and societal orderLevel 3: Post Conventional Morality: The last level consist of stage five and six of moral development. According to Kohlberg, very few people are able to reach this level. Here, the individual perspective is given more importance over social rule and order. Individuals judge morality based on basic human rights and justice.Stage V (Social Contract and Individual Rights) “ In this stage, the individual or child understands that different people and communities may hold different views and laws. Laws of the society are not rigid edicts and should be changed with the change in the time and needs of the society.Stage VI (Universal Principles) “ Individuals judge morality of the actor based on some universal principles that transcend beyond the societys rules and regulations.Hence, it could be concluded that according to Lawrence Kohlberg, Pooja is at the instrumental purpose orientation stage of Moral development.

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