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Consider the following statements:1. In the 19th century, peasants in various parts of India rose in revolt against moneylenders and grain dealers.2. In May 1875, at village Supa in Poona District in the Bombay Deccan, peasants attacked shopkeepers, burnt the bahi khatas (account books), looted grain shops and set fire to the houses of Sahukars.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A.
1 only
B.
2 only
C.
Both 1 and 2
D.
Neither 1 nor 2

Solution:

The correct answer is Both 1 and 2.Through the 19th century, peasants in various parts of India did revolt against moneylenders and grain dealers. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.One such revolt occurred in 1875, in Deccan.In May 1875, at village Supa in Poona District in the Bombay Deccan, peasants attacked shopkeepers, burnt the bahi khatas (account books), looted grain shops, and set fire to the houses of Sahukars. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.It was a market center where many shopkeepers and moneylenders lived.On 12 May 1875, ryots from the surrounding rural areas gathered and attacked the shopkeepers and moneylenders.They demand their Bahi khatas(account book) and debt bonds.Additional InformationThere were various reasons for the revolt:Various reasons fall peasants into the debt trap which led to the impoverishment of peasants and made peasants' life miserable.The revenue system (ryotwari system) which was introduced in the 1820s pegged the revenue demand very high(approx 50% of the produce).Regardless of the high revenue demand, British officials collected revenue forcefully.The problem became severe by the 1830s. Prices of agricultural production fell sharply and peasants' income declined.Famine in 1832-34 devastated the countryside. One-third of the cattle of Deccan died and half population died.In this situation, peasants were unable to procure their consumption needs, ploughs, cattle or get their children married. They were unable to pay their revenue.Peasants borrowed from moneylenders to pay their revenue, but once the loan was taken the ryot found it difficult to pay the loan back and fall into debt- trap.The cotton boom in the decades of 1860s also made peasants' life miserable and fell into the debt trap of moneylenders.Because of these reasons they rose in revolt against moneylenders.

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