The correct answer is Dada Bhai Naroji.Pre-Independence Poverty Estimation:Dadabhai Naoroji in his book, ‚¬Å“Poverty and unBritish Rule in India‚¬ made the earliest estimation of the poverty line. Hence, Option 1 is correct.He estimated ?16 to ?35 per capita per year.The poverty line proposed by him was based on the cost of a subsistence or minimum basic diet (rice or flour, dal, mutton, vegetables, ghee, vegetable oil, and salt).Important PointsPoverty Estimation:A common method used to estimate poverty in India is based on income or consumption levels.If the income or consumption falls below a given minimum level, then the household is said to be Below the Poverty Line (BPL).Poverty estimation in India is now carried out by NITI Aayogs task force through the calculation of the poverty line based on the data captured by the National Sample Survey Office.Additional InformationRomesh Chandra DuttHe is considered a national leader of the pre-Gandhian era and was a contemporary of Dadabhai Naoroji and Justice Ranade.Better known as R.C Dutt, he was a civil servant, a political and economic thinker and writer, and a Bengali Literature personality, he is renowned for both his professional and literary careers. Prof. Vijayendra Kasturi Ranga Varadaraja Rao He was a multifaceted personality ‚¬œ Economist, Educationist, an Administrator, and an Institution builder.After collegiate education in Bombay, he obtained a Ph.D. in Economics from Cambridge in 1936.Mahadev Govind Ranade He was born in 1842 in Nashik district Maharashtra. He passed his law degree and then was appointed as a judge and then became a judge at Bombay HC.He was a distinguished Indian scholar, social reformer, and author.He was one of the founding members of the Prarthana Samaj and propounded against prevalent social evils.