Fallacies are common errors in reasoning that will undermine the logic of your argument. Fallacies can be either illegitimate arguments or irrelevant points and are often identified because they lack evidence that supports their claim.Fallacies can be committed in many ways. Still, usually, they involve either a mistake in reasoning or the creation of some illusion that makes a bad argument appear good or bad (either).An argument is valid when the truth of the premises guarantees the truth of the conclusion. Important PointsRed herring: This fallacy is closely associated with missing the point.The arguer diverts the attention of the Reader or Listener by changing the subject to a different but subtly related one.To use the Red Herring fallacy effectively, the arguer must change the original subject of the argument without the Reader or listener noticing it.Hence in the given example, "Environmentalists accuse us of blocking the plan to convert Antarctica into a World park. In fact, nothing could be further from the truth. Antarctica is a huge continent teeming with life. It is home to millions of penguins, seals, seabirds, and sea lions. Also, great schools of finfish and whales inhabit its coastal waters." the fallacy committed is red herring.Additional InformationStrawman: A straw man fallacy occurs when someone takes another persons argument or point, distorts it or exaggerates it in some kind of extreme way, and then attacks the extreme distortion as if that is really the claim the first person is making.Hasty Generalization: Hasty generalization is a policy that affects inductive generalizations. The fallacy occurs when there is a reasonable likelihood that the sample is not representative of the group. Such a likelihood may arise if the sample is either too small or not when only selected.Slippery Slope: A slippery slope fallacy occurs when someone makes a claim about a series of events that would lead to one major event, usually a bad event. In this fallacy, a person makes a claim that one event leads to another event and so on until we come to some awful conclusion.